Thawj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ancient Sanskrit thiab Egyptian ntawv, xuab zeb pom yog ib qho ntawm cov hiob thiab yooj yim txoj kev ntawm dej pom.
Sand filtration ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv ntau txheej txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov kua dej gravitational kom khaws cov khoom uas raug tshem tawm hauv cov kua, ua rau cov khoom siv huv. Raws li cov kua dej dhau los maj mam txawm tias cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb hauv txaj, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev, lom neeg, thiab tshuaj lom neeg ua ke los muab kev kho mob.
Kev lim dej qeeb tsis tas yuav tsum muaj tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob los ntxuav cov dej. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tshuab pom, qhov twg qee cov khib nyiab tau ntim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib ntawm cov xuab zeb nplej thiab lwm tus yog adsorbed mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xuab zeb. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm qias neeg yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg, lossis kev ua phem.
Microorganisms muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb lim thiab qhov predatory ecosystem pab nrog dej kho thiab purification.
Xuab zeb yog cov khoom siv dav dav thiab pheej yig pom cov khoom muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab ua cov dej zoo nrog cov xim, saj, thiab tsw, nrog rau tshem tawm 90-99% ntawm cov kab mob.
Xuab zeb yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no hom filtration systems:
- Kev kho dej khib nyiab (septic lossis municipal)
- kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam
- haus dej purification
- pas ua luam dej pom
- membrane (pre-filtration)
- grey / deg dej pom
- aquaculture dej hiav txwv
Raws li ib txwm muaj, kev xaiv xuab zeb tseem ceeb heev! Cov xov xwm xaiv yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv no txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm hom kev siv, tab sis suav nrog:
Qhov Loj- Yog tias cov xuab zeb loj dhau, cov khoom seem yuav tsis nkag mus thiab yog tias nws me dhau lawm, cov khoom seem yuav ntim rau saum npoo ntawm lub txaj lim tiv thaiv cov dej ntws. Qhov loj me yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam sieve.
Cov duab- Cov duab ntawm cov nplej yuav tsum tau sib npaug rau sub-angular. Qhov ntau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nplej, qhov muaj feem ntau nws yuav erode thiab txo lub neej ntawm koj lub lim. Cov nplej tiaj tiaj tuaj yeem poob thaum ntxuav (rov qab ntxuav).
Hardness- ntom, tawv, ntau dua cov ntsiab lus nrog cov ntsiab lus silica siab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog qhov ntau tau rau kev yaig.
Uniformity Coefficient (Cu)- Cov xov xwm lim dej yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov loj, kom cov dej nkag mus. Optimal Dej haus tshuab muaj xuab zeb Cunruab nrab ntawm 1.3 thiab 1.5, thiab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.7. Cov Cutuaj yeem qis dua 1.3, tab sis yuav kim kim thiab siab dua Cuyuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau clogging. Septic systems xav tau Cuntawm<4. Click here for a refresher on gradations, D-values, and uniformity coefficients.
Hauv cov tshuab lim dej, cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem yog cov xov xwm siv los yog siv tau los ua cov khoom siv hauv ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm (ua ke nrog flocculants thiab lwm yam khoom pom xws li charcoal) kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.